GC-MS GC-MS is an acronym for the combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometer instrument. There is a wide range of these combinations with an equivalent wide range of unique interfaces for coupling the two. The chromatograph can be a gas chromatograph with a packed or capillary column, or a super critical liquid chromatograph with a wide rage of different types of column. The mass spectrometer may be an ion trap mass spectrometer, a quadra-pole, or octa-pole mass spectrometer, it may be a sector mass spectrometer or a time-of-flight-mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer may be fitted with one of a number of different ionizing sources, the electron impact source, the chemical ionization source, the atmospheric pressure ionization source, or the inductively coupled plasma ionization source. The interfaces are also numerous, the Bieman concentrator and the Ryhage concentrator each concentrates the solute in the eluting gas before entering the mass spectrometer. Due to the high sensitivity of the mass spectrometer the overall system is also very sensitive and sub microgram quantities of material are usually more than adequate for analysis. The combination of a separating technique such as gas chromatography with an identifying technique such as mass spectrometry is an extremely powerful combination and is used widely in all types of analyses but, particularly in forensic chemistry, pollution chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry and toxicology.

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Author: RPW Scott Book:Gas Chromatography - Tandem Techniques
Section:GC-Tandem   Modern-Systems   Thermogravimetric-Analysis

GC-Tandem   Modern-Systems   Thermogravimetric-Analysis

Author: RPW Scott Book:Gas Chromatography - Tandem Techniques
Section:GC-Tandem   Examples   Anabolic-Steroids

GC-Tandem   Examples   Anabolic-Steroids

Author: RPW Scott Book:Gas Chromatography - Tandem Techniques
Section:GC-Tandem   Introduction   Historical

of the GC/MS system. The MS not only had the necessary sensitivity but could also partly handle the relatively high accompanying flow of gas which was pumped away by the vacuum system of the mass spectrometer. However, at that time, the capillary column had not been invented (although the concept had been suggested by Martin in his introductory lecture at the 1956 Symposium on Vapor Phase Chromatography) and, thus, the relatively large gas flow rates were difficult to accommodate by direct GC-MS coupling. The problem associated with high gas flow rates and low solute concentration provoked the development of a number of vapor concentrator interfaces that selectively removed the carrier gas and, at the same time, increased the concentration of solute. These devices helped render the GC/MS system viable and useful before the advent of capillary columns. At this time, the chromatographer saw the mass spectrometer as some form of elaborate detector while the mass spectroscopist saw

GC-Tandem   Introduction   Historical

Author: RPW Scott Book:Gas Chromatography - Tandem Techniques
Section:GC-Tandem   GC-MS   The-Ryhage-Concentrator

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) Systems Just four years after the first disclosure of GC as an effective separation technique by James and Martin in 1953, Holmes and Morrell, successfully combined the gas chromatograph with the mass spectrometer to produce the first tandem system. The authors connected the column outlet directly to the mass spectrometer employing a split-flow system. The mass spectrometer was a natural choice for the first combination instrument, as it could easily accept samples presented as a vapor

GC-Tandem   GC-MS   The-Ryhage-Concentrator

Author: RPW Scott Book:Gas Chromatography - Tandem Techniques
Section:GC-Tandem   Modern-Systems

GC-Tandem   Modern-Systems

Author: RPW Scott Book:Gas Chromatography - Tandem Techniques
Section:GC-Tandem   GC-IR

GC-Tandem   GC-IR

 
 
 

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