Caryophylene Caryophyllene is a sesquiterpinoid constituent of many essential oils, in particular, clove oil and in the stems and flowers of Syzyglum aromaticum. There are two forms caryophyllene a caryophyllene and B caryophyllene and they usually occur together with isocaryophyllene. Caryophyllene is a hydrocarbon with a molecular weight of 204.36 and elemental analysis shows it contains 88.16% carbon and 11.84% hydrogen. Caryophyllene is present in many essential oils, for example lime oil, and is frequently used in the blending of synthetic oils and fragrances. The analysis of lime oil, including the separation and estimation of the caryophyllene content, can easily be carried out by gas chromatography. A very effective stationary phase for this purpose is poly (5%diphenyl-95%-dimethylsiloxane). Although the diphenyl group will contribute some induced polaizability and be capable of interacting with polar and semi-polar solutes, it is largely a dispersive stationary phase. In addition, as caryophyllene is a hydrocarbon, the only retentive forces that will be active on this solute will be dispersive. The introduction of the diphenyl groups into the stationary phase increases its temperature stability An example of a suitable capillary column would be 30m long, 250 micron ID carrying a film of stationary phase 0.25 micron thick. At a linear mobile phase velocity of 25 cm/sec and temperature programmed form 155C to 200C the components of lime oil ranging from pinene to bisabolen can be eluted in about 30 minutes.
Author: RPW Scott
Book:Gas Chromatography - Tandem Techniques
Section:GC-Tandem Introduction
mixtures that fired the imagination of chemists world-wide. For the first time the complex nature of these important materials could be displayed both quantitatively and qualitatively. An example of the separation of an essential oil using modern GC equipment is shown in figure 1 . 1. a-Pinene 7. gĐTerpinene 13. Geraniol 2. Camphene 8. Terpinolene 14. Neryl Acetate 3. b-Pinene 9. Linalool 15. Geranyl Acetate 4. Myrcene 10. Terpinene-4-ol 16. Caryophyllene 5. p-Cymene 11. a-Terpineol 17. trans-a-Bergamotene 6. Limonene 12. Neral 18. b-Bisabolen Courtesy of Supelco, Inc. Figure 7 A Chromatogram of Lime Oil
Author: RPW Scott
Book:Principles and Practice of Chromatography
Section:Principles Applications Gas-Chromatography Essential-Oils
. The column was 30 m long, 250 mm I.D. carrying a film 0.25 mm thick of stationary phase. Helium was used as the carrier gas at a linear velocity of 25 cm/sec(set at 155˚C). 1. a–Pinene 7. g–Terpinene 13. Geraniol 2. Camphene 8. Terpinolene 14. Neryl Acetate 3. b–Pinene 9. Linalool 15. Geranyl Acetate 4. Myrcene 10. Terpinene–4–ol 16. Caryophyllene 5. p–Cymene 11. a–Terpineol 17.trans–a–Bergamotene 6. Limonene 12. Neral 18. b–Bisabolen Courtesy of Supelco Inc. Figure 39 A Chromatogram of Lime Oil The column was held isothermally for 8 min. at 75˚C and then programmed up to 200˚C at 4˚c/min. and finally held at 200˚C for 4 min. The sample volume was 0.5 ml which was split at 100:1 ratio
Author: RPW Scott
Book:Gas Chromatography
Section:GC Applications Lime-Oil
polarizability capability to interact with polar solutes. As a consequence substances are eluted roughly in order of their boiling points (excepting very polar solutes). 1. a–Pinene 7. g–Terpinene 13. Geraniol 2. Camphene 8. Terpinolene 14. Neryl Acetate 3. b–Pinene 9. Linalool 15. Geranyl Acetate 4. Myrcene 10. Terpinene–4–ol 16. Caryophyllene 5. p–Cymene 11. a–Terpineol 17. trans–a–Bergamotene 6. Limonene 12. Neral 18. b–Bisabolen Courtesy of Supelco Inc. Figure 43 A Chromatogram of Lime Oil The introduction of the diphenyl groups contributes more to phase temperature stability than it does to solute selectivity. The column was 30 m long, 250 mm I.D. carrying a film 0.25 mm thick of stationary phase.
