Figure 13.Graphs of DH' for Each Element against the Reciprocal of the Absolute Temperature

The numerical results are summarized in Table 3. A value of 1.987 kcalK˚^-1mol^-1 was taken as the value for (R) and was used to calculate the values of (DH^o) and (DS^o) for each element which are also included in table 3. It is seen from equation (23) and the results shown in table 3 that (DH^o) and (DS^o) for each element are both negative. A negative value for (DS^o) means that the entropy is reduced when the atom moves into the environment of the stationary phase from the gas phase and the atoms are more organized and less random.

Table 3 Standard Enthalpies and Entropies for the Elements Hydrogen, Carbon, Chlorine and Bromine